multiprocessing

multiprocessing — Process-based parallelism — Python 3.10.1 documentation

Difference between Pipe and Queue

• A Pipe() can have two endpoints

• A Queue() can have multiple producers and consumers

A Pipe has a better performance than Queue since Queue is built on top of Pipe.

Queue

from multiprocessing import Process, Queue

def f(q):
    q.put([42, None, 'hello'])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    q = Queue()
    p = Process(target=f, args=(q,))
    p.start()
    print(q.get())    # prints "[42, None, 'hello']"
    p.join()

Pipe

from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe

def f(conn):
    conn.send([42, None, 'hello'])
    conn.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    parent_conn, child_conn = Pipe()
    p = Process(target=f, args=(child_conn,))
    p.start()
    print(parent_conn.recv())   # prints "[42, None, 'hello']"
    p.join()

Lock

from multiprocessing import Process, Lock

def f(l, i):
    l.acquire()
    try:
        print('hello world', i)
    finally:
        l.release()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    lock = Lock()

    for num in range(10):
        Process(target=f, args=(lock, num)).start()s

Shared memory

Value and Array Only

from multiprocessing import Process, Value, Array

def f(n, a):
    n.value = 3.1415927
    for i in range(len(a)):
        a[i] = -a[i]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    num = Value('d', 0.0)
    arr = Array('i', range(10))

    p = Process(target=f, args=(num, arr))
    p.start()
    p.join()

    print(num.value)
    print(arr[:])

Server process

from multiprocessing import Process, Manager

def f(d, l):
    d[1] = '1'
    d['2'] = 2
    d[0.25] = None
    l.reverse()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Manager() as manager:
        d = manager.dict()
        l = manager.list(range(10))

        p = Process(target=f, args=(d, l))
        p.start()
        p.join()

        print(d)
        print(l)

remote manager

start server

from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager
from queue import Queue
queue = Queue()
class QueueManager(BaseManager): pass
QueueManager.register('get_queue', callable=lambda:queue)
m = QueueManager(address=('', 50000), authkey=b'abracadabra')
s = m.get_server()
s.serve_forever()

use in clients

from multiprocessing.managers import BaseManager
class QueueManager(BaseManager): pass
QueueManager.register('get_queue')
m = QueueManager(address=('foo.bar.org', 50000), authkey=b'abracadabra')
m.connect()
queue = m.get_queue()
queue.put('hello')
#queue.get('hello')